Marketing in Jessops Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PUBLIC OFFICALS essays

Open OFFICALS expositions I accept that character attributes are significant in open authorities, due to may various reasons, First off, I accept that in the event that one is going to undermine their life partner that is there own private issue. In any case, by doing this they are acquiring their activities to the activity; I don't concur with open authorities that behave as such. By having these illicit relationships, they are bringing the mentalities and change of their states of mind in to office. I accept that if an open authority is having an unsanctioned romance, the individual in question is crooked to be in office. That official when hitched, takes a promise to be dependable, have sense of pride, and honesty. On the off chance that they can not hold a guarantee to their own family, for what reason would it be a good idea for me to accept that they will keep a guarantee to we the individuals of general society? It is anyway a further developed situation to be in as an open authority, you should live to a higher stander of life. Having said that, I accept that these individuals must have respectability to all whom they come in to contact with. At the point when one settles on a decision to turn into an open authority, they are essentially putting their lives and their familys lives under the open eye. They realize what they are getting into, and that individuals will see them as good examples. On the off chance that they dont have the character, to hold office, they should leave it to somebody who can. This is the view point that came too me when gotten some information about this issue. Everybody has an alternate perspective on what they think ought to be permitted in to an open office or in person settling on choices for the individuals of the United States. ... <!

Elizabeth Loftus Career and Biography

Elizabeth Loftus Career and Biography History and Biographies Print Elizabeth Loftus Biography Memory Expert By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 24, 2020 Jodi Hilton / Stringer / Getty Images More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Eyewitnesses who point their finger at innocent defendants are not liars, for they genuinely believe in the truth of their testimony....Thats the frightening partâ€"the truly horrifying idea that what we think we know, what we believe with all our hearts, is not necessarily the truth.â€"Elizabeth Loftus, Psychology Today, 1996?? Best Known For Elizabeth Loftus is a contemporary psychologist who is acclaimed for her research in memory. She is best known for these areas:?? Research on human memoryEyewitness memoryMisinformation effectExplanations for forgetting Early Life Elizabeth Loftus was born on October 16, 1944, in Los Angeles, California, to parents Sidney and Rebecca Fishman. When Elizabeth was 14 years old, her mother passed away in a drowning accident.?? She graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1966 with a bachelors degree in mathematics and psychology. She went on to attend graduate school at Stanford University and earned her MA in 1967 and her Ph.D. in 1970, both in mathematical psychology.?? Career Loftuss work has made her a figure of acclaim, scrutiny and even fury. Through her studies of memory, she has revealed that not only is human memory often surprisingly unreliable, it is prone to errors and susceptible to suggestion.?? Loftus has not only authored numerous books and articles, but she has also appeared on a variety of television programs, including 60 Minutes and Oprah. She has testified at many trials, including those of accused child-murderer George Franklin and serial killer Ted Bundy.?? Personal Experience With Memory Loftus has close experience with the frailty and fallibility of human memory. At a family gathering for her 44th birthday, Loftuss uncle told her that she had been the one to find her mothers body floating in the pool after a drowning accident. Before that, she had remembered very little about the incident, but after her uncles comment, the details suddenly began to come back.?? A few days later, she discovered that her uncle had been mistaken and that it was actually her aunt who discovered her mother after the drowning. All it took to trigger false memories was a simple comment from a family member, illustrating how easily human memory can be influenced by suggestion.?? Awards and Recognition Elizabeth Loftus has received a variety of awards and recognition for her work, including:?? 1995 â€" Distinguished Contribution Award from the American Academy of Forensic Psychology 2003 â€" APA Distinguished Scientific Award for Applications of Psychology 2003 â€" Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2005 â€" Grawemeyer Prize in Psychology 2005 â€" Elected to the Royal Society in Edinburgh 2005 â€" Lauds and Laurels Faculty Achievement Award, University of California, Irvine 2009 â€" Distinguished Contributions to Psychology and Law Award from the American Psychology-Law Society 2010 â€" Warren Medal from the Society of Experimental Psychologists 2010  â€"  Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award from the  American Association for the Advancement of Science 2012  â€"  William T. Rossiter Award from the  Forensic Mental Health Association of California?? 2013   â€" Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Science of Psychology from the American Psychological Foundation??   Contributions to Psychology Loftuss research has demonstrated the malleability of memory, and her work has had a particular influence on the use of human memory in criminal testimony and other forensic settings.?? One study published in the Review of General Psychology ranked the top 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century and Loftus was listed at number 58, making her the top-ranked woman on the list. Selected Publications Elizabeth Loftus has published many articles and books, including:?? Loftus, E.F. (1975). Leading questions and the eyewitness report. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 560â€"572?? . Loftus, G.R. Loftus, E.F.  (1976). Human Memory: The Processing of Information. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.?? Loftus, E.F. Doyle, J. (1987). Eyewitness Testimony: Civil and Criminal. NY: Kluwer.?? Loftus, E.F.; Hoffman, H.G. (1989). Misinformation and memory: The creation of memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 100â€"104. Loftus, E.F., Doyle, J.M. Dysert, J. (2008). Eyewitness testimony: Civil Criminal, 4th edition. Charlottesville, Va: Lexis Law Publishing.??

Nursing Process - 1550 Words

The nursing process: A help or a hindrance to contemporary nursing practice. Introduction. The nursing process is the core for the nursing care plan and enables one to think like a nurse. It was based on the theory developed by Ida Jean Orlanda in 1950’s where she observed good and bad nursing practices (Faust, 2002). The nursing process is important as it is a systematic problem solving approach which involves the partnership with both the patient and their family. It serves as an important tool to improve practice, quality care and promote good health (Potter and Anne, 1992). In this essay, the four stages of the nursing process will be described and if this is a help or a hindrance to the contemporary nursing process will be†¦show more content†¦Dingwal et al (1988) , has pointed out the significance of the care plan and the importance of the nursing plan to be utilised as the management tool to provide high quality care. A well written care plan, shows the identifies the problems that needs to be worked upon and a patient will feel more at ease if they know exactly what needs to be done and how it will be achieved , thus meeting their individual needs( Kemp and Richardson, 1994). However there has been conflicting views, regarding writing the care plans. Questions have also been raised regarding the nursing process and if it’s increasing the workload of nurses (Walton, 1986). Some nurses believe that the care plan has been the major barrier to the implementation of the nursing process. The care plans were regarded as an unnecessary task to be filled at the end when time permitted them to do so, and were thought done for administrative and not practical purposes (De la Cuesta, 1988). Various studies conducted has proved the implementation of the nursing process to be difficult ( de la cuesta, 1983; Buckenham and McGrath, 1983; Bowman et al, 1983; Melia, 1987 and Dingwall et al. 1988). On the other hand though, some authors have stated that the disappointment of the nursing process might be attributed to take into account of the fundamental nature of nursing work in complex organisations such as contemporary hospitals (De la Cuesta, 1983;Show MoreRelatedNursing Process1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe nursing process is described as being an individualised problem solving approach in which patients receive nursing care. The nursing process consists of four distinct phases, each having a discreet role in the process, theses phases of the process are: assessment, planning, intervention and evaluation. (Oxford Dictionary of Nursing 2003) It is important that the four stages of the process from assessment to evaluation are carried out sequentially because each phase follows logically fromRead MoreThe Nursing Process1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe Nursing Process The nursing process is a very important tool that nurses have in to make sure that they give adequate care to all their patients. It helps them not only evaluate each patients’ needs individually but also allows the nurse to prioritize which patient’s needs are more important to attend to first. Just like doctors have a way of diagnosing patients, nurses also use this process to give their own form of diagnosis. The significance of having the nursing process is to have a setRead MoreEvaluation Of The Nursing Process1417 Words   |  6 Pages The Nursing Process The nursing process is a scientific process made up of five steps to ensure that quality care is given by the nurse and received by the patient. It requires identifying the most efficient means to generate optimum results. The steps follow each other at the start of the process but may need to act in conjunction with one another in some situations. The steps however do not end with evaluation but begin again. It begins with assessment and including an evaluation of the perceptionsRead MoreTheory and the Nursing Process942 Words   |  4 Pages Theory and the Nursing Process Kenneth L. Harris University of Phoenix Community and Family Nursing NSG 420 June 22, 2015 Kimberly Lewis RN, MSN-Ed Theory and the Nursing Process The theoretical basis for public and community nurses began in the nineteenth century with Florence Nightingale. Nightingale believed in the prevention and surveillance of diseases. She further believed that a disease was more prevalent in poor environments. She proved that good health was more prevalent with a goodRead MoreNursing Process2373 Words   |  10 PagesNURSING NOTES http://www.nursingnotes.info/ FIVE (5) PHASES OF NURSING CARE (American Nurses Association (ANA) Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice) I. ASSESING – is the systematic and continuous collection, organizing, validation, and documentation of data. PURPOSE: To establish a database about client’s response to health concerns or illness and the ability to manage health care needs. TYPES OF ASSESSMENT: TYPE TIME PERFORMED PURPOSE EXAMPLE Initial Assessment WithinRead MoreThe Theory Of The Deliberative Nursing Process948 Words   |  4 PagesDeliberative Nursing Process is finding out and meeting the patient’s immediate need for help. The concepts and propositions of the theory are written at a concrete level of discussion (Fawcett, Desanto-Madeya, 2013). The theory is classified as a middle-range predicative theory. The theory identifies the effects of a specific interpersonal nursing process on identification of the patient’s immediate need for help. origins. Ida Jean Orlando was born in 1929. She obtained her diploma in nursing from NewRead MoreStrategic Planning Nursing Process973 Words   |  4 PagesStrategic Planning and Nursing Process Every decision-making process requires the basic steps of problem identification, intervention and evaluation. In healthcare, both the nursing process and strategic planning involve proper identification of a problem, gathering of data, formulating a plan, and deciding which intervention is the best to implement. After the intervention, evaluation is necessary. Strategic planning and the nursing process both are essential when developing medical informaticsRead MoreNursing Process And Critical Thinking917 Words   |  4 Pagesand less like they are being drilled for information. Reflect on your clinical week giving specific examples of the following: Use of nursing process/ critical thinking and problem solving to guide care This week my patient suffered from a traumatic brain injury and had major cognitive deficits that required me to use critical thinking and the nursing process for his care. When performing the patients’ neurological checks, it was imperative that I not only note a change in mental status or pupilRead MoreThe Quality Improvement Nursing Process962 Words   |  4 PagesThe Quality Improvement nursing process that I have chosen to research is patient safety. I have chosen to focus specifically on the topic of catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI’s) during hospitalization and their preventions. It is estimated that 15-25% of hospitalized patients receive a urinary catheter throughout their stay, whether or not they need it. A large 80% of all patients diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI) can be attributed to a catheter (Bernard, HunterRead MoreThe nursing process Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesThe standards of practice describe a competent leve l of nursing care as exhibited by the critical thinking model known as the nursing process. This practice includes the areas of assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The nursing process includes significant actions taken by registered nurses (RN) and forms the foundation of the nurse’s decision-making (â€Å"American Nurses Association,† 2010). Assessment is the accurate collection of comprehensive

Use Of Modafinil And Armodafinil On Schizophrenia - 999 Words

2.11.1 Uses of Modafinil Armodafinil in Schizophrenia: Modafinil was shown to reverse phencyclidine (PCP)-induced impairment in attentional set shifting in a rat model of schizophrenia (Pedersen et al. 2009). Modafinil has also been shown to improve mood, depressive symptoms, and sense of humor, confidence, fatigue, vitality, social functioning and quality of life in healthy and bipolar depressive patients. However, some studies report anxiogenic properties of modafinil at 200 and 400 mg while others report anxiolytic properties. Both psychostimulants modafinil and armodafinil have a low potential to abuse and induce psychosis (Ferraro et al. 1997; Connell 1958; Pawluk et al. 1995) possibly because of its selective activation of hypothalamic regions such as the tuberomammillary nucleus and hypocretin (orexinergic) neurons. In a study by Morein-Zamir et al. in 2007, modafinil was discovered to improve short and long-term memory and cognitive flexibility in patients with schizophrenia. In 2011, the same research group reported an improvement in recognition of facial expression for all categories of emotion, particularly for sadness. In addition, in 2012 this research group conducted a systematic review of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials on the use of modafinil (but not armodafinil) for the treatment of schizophrenia and observed that modafinil demonstrated beneficial effects in improving cognition, including spatial

Inquiry for Professional Nursing Practice

Question: Discuss about the Inquiry for Professional Nursing Practice. Answer: Introduction: The medical issues of Mr. Alphonse Martinez are myocardial infarction, chest pain, and severe heart attack. The patient has recently made an Advanced Health Directive (AHD) that prevented him from being resuscitated in case he experiences a heart failure. He is a retired Italian man having a close family loving family who is willing to do anything for his condition including acting in contrary to the directive (Alphonse Martinez (Hawley, 2007)). In addition to the family, he is a religious man usually, goes to church on Sunday. He also believes in the Christian rites by ordering the priest to come and pay him a visit. The ethical issues seen in the hospital is beneficence and the lack of autonomy even among the medical practitioners. The legal issues of the patient are his Italian citizenship, guardianship, and refusal to treatment in case of another severe heart attack. These facts and issues will be explored throughout the paper to identify the various principles of professional nu rsing. Consideration of the Relevant Facts The medical condition of Mr. Alphonse is myocardial infarction characterized by a severe heart attack. It occurs when the flow of blood to the heart is cut off. Since coronary arteries are the most prominent vessels ensuring the pumping of oxygenated blood to the rest of the body organ, their blockage can lead to severe and acute heart failure. It is commonly caused by the deposition of low-density lipoprotein along the walls of heart vessels causing interference with the transfer of blood to the other parts of the body. Most patients who are susceptible to the condition are those having historical backgrounds in obesity, hypertension, having high blood sugar level and diabetes. Another prognosis could be the age situation, persistence stress, and drug use. The condition of the patient is acute since he always resuscitated whenever he experiences the severity of the condition. Also, while at the hospital as soon as his buzzer went, he suffered the cardiac arrest. This happened after Mark left him alone at the bedside to talk to RN. It implies that his situation is highly prompted by stress causing high blood pressure hence the cardiac arrest (Chaska, 2001).). The surgical procedure can be used to remove the clotting that might have deposited along the walls of the heart vessels. Other alternative treatments for the condition can be the use of stress relieving through psychiatric means. This will offer professional assistance to avoid stressful moments thereby avoiding anxiety and depressions. The condition typically creates a large impact on the life of the patient and mostly his family members regarding their social existence. He will suffer depression due to acute coronary syndromes often acquired after clinical processes have been done. It sometimes increases high chances of developing mental illness. Moreover, the patient will develop psychological trauma caused by the fear and embarrassment of surgical scars. On the other hand, the family is primarily affected as the condition is frequently characterized by a decrease in the life expectancy hence they will feel less protected considering his state. Ethical Theories and Principles The moral principles include; the principle of autonomy which holds the call for one to have respect to the obligation of another person. The principle of beneficence states that every individual has a duty to bring out the best in some actions taken (Tschudin, 2003). Thirdly, the principle of non-maleficence that says that the measures taken should be aimed heightening the real and reducing the harm. It merely illustrates the motivation one should have to avoid harming the other individual. Lastly, the principle of justice which holds that each and every person is liable to be treated and attended to fairly and equally by providing them with what they deserve. In the principle of autonomy, Mr. Alphonse preferred that he was not to be resuscitated in case he experienced another severe heart attack (Wheeler, 2012). Furthermore, he orders Mark to contact his priest to give him the last rites in the hospital. As per the Singapore Nurses and Midwives Act, the ethical code of practice exp ected of the nurses to show kindness and values patients decisions at all costs. The risks that can be associated with the preference of the patience can lead to a total failure of the heart causing him his life hence a conflict in the two principles. Conducting the procedure will also result in the lack of autonomy regarding Mr. Alphonse. To avoid the situation contradicting the moral ethics in the act. Generally, a third person can intervene to address the matter. An assessment can also be processed concerning the requirements of both the parties. Ethical Conflicts Moral conflict arises when various ethical principles are confronted in a collision in amidst promoting the interest of the parties that are involved in the decision making. Most of the above illustrated moral principles are contradictory to each other in that in trying to satisfy one; another one is likely to be affected. For instance, in upholding the principle of autonomy, the principle of beneficence is highly underpinned i.e. failure to perform resuscitation procedure may not be entirely aimed at achieving the best of what is expected to the patient (In Fulton, In Lyon, In Goudreau, 2014). It is likely to cause the life of Mr. Alphonse; a severe harm causal that prevention as stated by the principle of non-maleficence. On the other hand, performing the process to achieve ultimate benefit is a clear violation of the principle of autonomy which causes uninformed decision making in the facility as opposed to the regulatory act. The conflicts occur as the doctors are bound to vario us codes of ethics especially in the appraisal of patients decision. The Australian National Board require nurses to act within the practices and principles that are listed on the framework, and this includes setting competent care and standards of treatment within the hospital (Principle of Beneficence) (NMBA, 2008). The codes also should be guided by professional judgments i.e. those attending to a patient should be competent and qualified nurses. It may be resolved through the efforts of nurse leaders who are centrally involved in the diffusion of such kinds of conflicts. The nursing codes of ethics should be adhered to with the aim of providing an ultimate solution. These include supporting the health and preserving trust among the patients. The Practice Standards This law provides a guide and a directive to various codes that are expected of nurses in the execution of their duties besides their professionalism standards. The law is a bunch of different qualifications that every nurse and midwife must meet. The standards that are contained within the act are a composition of various codes of conduct, ethical practices, guides to different industries and the standards of their practices (Australian Nursing Council, 2005). The method recognizes various rights of patients and obligation of the nurse in ensuring that ultimate care and protection. As to the case study, regarding the role of nurses, they should respect and offer kindness to most patients. They also are mandated to make informed decisions regarding the service provision of patients. Decisions made during their operation and practices according to the legal and ethical frameworks that helps to guide nurses and the midwives to satisfy the public interest and that of the patient. The Singapore Act pledges that a patient should be attended to and receive the best form of treatment as possible i.e. principle of beneficence. It is the obligation of the nurses under the act to provide competent and quality service provision that will be aimed at bettering the state of the patient. In relation to the principle of justice, he has the right to acquire legal decisions as per his wills on the type of treatment he ought to obtain (Jones, 2010). Moreover, they are legible to minimize any possible risks that the patient is likely to be experiencing and reduce the harm. The practice standards in the act are the ethical relations of the nurses and their patients, withholding and preservation of trust of patients based on the management of their information, the various capacity building of the nurses to heighten the confidence of the community and other individuals within the society (SNB, 2011). Moreover, the act also is regarded by the role of the nurses to provide an efficient information that is accurate and impartial regarding some patients within the hospital. In the Human Tissue and Transplant Act, the person who is undergoing the operation should be guided and efficiently accessed regarding the various effects of the procedure and ways of ensuring the success of the process. The practice standards require nurses and other practitioners to provide an effective information and best care, especially when dealing with the transplant of these tissues. No information should be left out from the patient regarding the risks and the form of treatment that is likely to be applied to the patient (Nurses Midwives Board of Australia, 2002). The Age of Majority Act also applies to the case study as the patient is most likely to be experiencing the condition due to his age. The act applies that much care and attention should be given a lot of considerations and care as they lack th ose that can attend to them. Regarding the Human and Tissue Transplant Act, the patient should be provided with adequate information, and he/she should have a prior knowledge regarding the procedure. No patient should undergo the operation without the lack of consent from the patient. Ethical Decisions The clinical, moral decisions should make medical indication through the analysis of the various causes of the condition, how it is diagnosed, treatment process and how the goals of care are assessed. The decision made by the patient should be aimed at ensuring their preferences and the decisions they made when admitted with an aim to improve the trust of the patient. The decision is justifiable especially after the patient opposed to being resuscitated in the event of another heart attack. The framework of the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia points out various ethical standards of accountability regarding nurses especially those handling the patient (Western Australia, 2010). The principles of the nurses of comprehensive assessment ensure that standard practices are properly adhered to. The principle of reliability upholds that the preferences of the patient should be maintained after consideration by the nurse officials on his basis and several implications. The guidelines were based on the greater good of both the patient and his family pertaining the treatment process by the use of psychologist and nurse leaders. The statutory bodies are also an instrumental key in the determination of the case regarding the principles of the ethical concern of most nurses to their patients (Young Hayes, 2002). The right facts of the patient refusal to be treated are likely to impact on the principle of beneficence. The ethical decision will be to perform the process to Mr. Alphonse in the case of the attack and act on the contrary to his decisions. His life is still an important factor to both his family and the reputation of the doctors. It will be against the doctors mandate of saving the life to ignore and what can be caused a psychotic disorder and distress. Evaluating the Decision According to Nurses Midwifes Board of Australia. (2006), the ethical decision will be assessed through the guiding principles of nurse leaders and the various standards of practices that are held legible. The efficacy of the decision will be based on its ability to provide and determine a solution to the case (Lyons, 2010). The document will be stored on the relevant sites of the institution and its principal catalogs. The documents can be well preserved in the nursing home to provide authenticity for the case and ensures that they are stored accurately and more conveniently. References Alphonse Martinez (Hawley, G. (p 212, 2007). Ethics in clinical practice: An inter-professional Approach. London. Pearson Education Ltd. Australian Nursing Council. (2005). Code of professional conduct for nurses in Australia. Canberra: The Council. Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council. Nurses Midwifes Board of Australia. (2008). Codes of professional conduct ethics for nurses midwives in Australia 2008. South Australia: Nurses Board of South Australia Chaska, N. L. (2001). The nursing profession: Tomorrow and beyond. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. In Fulton, J. S., In Lyon, B. L., In Goudreau, K. A. (2014). Foundations of clinical nurse specialist practice. Jones, I. H. (2010). The nurse's code: A practical approach to the code of professional conduct for nurses, midwives, and health visitors. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Macmillan Education Ltd. Lyons, N. (2010). Handbook of reflection and reflective inquiry: Mapping a way of knowing for professional reflective inquiry. New York: Springer. Molinari, D., Bushy, A. (2012). The rural nurse: Transition to practice. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Nurses Midwifes Board of Australia. (2006). Nursing midwifery: NMBA bulletin. Adelaide: NMBA. Nurses Midwives Board of Australia. (2002). Nurses and Midwives Board of Australia. East Perth, W.A: The Board. SNB. (2011) Standards for practice for nurses and midwives. Sage Publications. Singapore Nurses and Midwives Act (2000) Scope of Nursing and Midwifery. Wheeler, H. (2012). Law, ethics, and professional issues for nursing: A reflective and portfolio-building approach. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Western Australia. (2010). Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (WA) Act 2010: (no. 35 of 2010). Perth, W.A.: Govt. Printer. Young, L. E., Hayes, V. E. (2002). Transforming health promotion practice: Concepts, issues, and applications. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co.

The Stranger Review Essay Example

The Stranger Review Paper Essay on The Stranger I met the night ass Mr paaaachtenneyshego chief at very possessing circumstances. I vsuropil book my brother, after I read some ironic fantasy. That book was good for a carefree summer on the eve of the festival Grushinskiy) But Fry . was better. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stranger Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Stranger Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Stranger Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It should be said that a kind of interesting Echo input. No, Im not talking about the tram, fascinated by Sir Max into the world of magic and delicious vsyakostey shtukostey. Im on the first 30 pages of the book. They are written in so many terrible curse Ghouls in your mouth, taken literally! A feeling that it was written by an entirely different author My advice is to read -. Skip this crap. This is not Max, and it is not Echo, with whom you have to communicate . Yes there to chat live! For you is akin to;..) Glutton Bumba dim lights The first investigation Total Chura, gangling Max) Melamori (I mentally imagined Angelina Jolie this role, although it is not well suited for the description), Lonely Locle, should not be easily given to say and I imechko (I imagined Alan Rickman) all of these characters are and your work colleagues. As for Dzhuffina so his face changed from Al Pacino to Anthony Hopkins I read this book and was glad that she was so fat Going into the weekend in the tent the night.! I was thrown out of his backpack a sweater and put her My sessions bedtime reading soon turned into a reading instead of sleeping and when I dreamed a dream, in general, it is!. completely harmless battle with some slug in the basement of the house Maksovskogo I woke up in a cold sweat. Tale-tale, and she gets there and shiver) And then? Then Echo Chronicle ran And there was a long and hard breaking -. Without this drug dope All that remains for me -. Stroking stylish cover and dream-dream-dream to read someday that someday be as magical and exciting

Global East - Twin Globalization essays

Global East - Twin Globalization essays Globalization is used in any and every context. It is used in international discourses both official and non-official, and in the context of the interdependency of economies and nations. The word globalization has evolved over time, but it has assumed more prominence since the end of the cold war and rapid liberation of emerging economies. Since the whole process is about development and transformation the process of globalization has become the necessary consequence of the economic development and cultural development, which is the pursuit of most modern market economies leading to interconnectedness of most economies and nations. However even with all the research, case studies, and discussions about globalization, it still remains an elusive concept without real-life examples capable of breathing shape, color, and sound into a vague term that continues to dominate the twenty- first century media landscape(Steger 2). One can claim that the engine that drives forces of globalizatio n is primarily a combination of economic and cultural ones. But in order to understand what drives the forces, first an analysis of the concept of globalization is relevant. Economical and cultural forces continue to drive the engine of globalization, resulting in a balancing act of positives and negatives while determining the ever-changing worth of nations. To understand why globalization continues to exist, one has to analyze the two forces that continue to instill life into it, the economic and cultural forces. One of the forces is economic globalization and is positively characterized by the intensification and stretching of economic interrelations across the globe (Steger 38). With the liberalization of the free market, tremendous flows of capital have stimulated trade in goods and services. Markets have extended their reach around the world, creating linkages, with other nations, transnational corporations, an...

Afghanistan Country Facts and History

Afghanistan Country Facts and History Afghanistan has the misfortune of sitting in a strategic position at the crossroads of Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and the Middle East. Despite its mountainous terrain and fiercely independent inhabitants, the country has been invaded time after time throughout its history. Today, Afghanistan is once more embroiled in war, pitting NATO troops and the current government against the ousted Taliban and its allies. Afghanistan is a fascinating but violence-wracked country, where East meets West. Capital and Major Cities Capital:  Kabul, population 3,475,000 (2013 estimate) Kandahar, population 491,500Herat, 436,300Mazar-e-Sharif, 375,000Kunduz, 304,600Jalalabad, 205,000 Afghanistan Government Afghanistan is an Islamic Republic, headed by the President. Afghan presidents may serve a maximum of two 5-year terms.  Ashraf Ghani was elected in 2014.   Hamid Karzai  served two terms as president before him. The National Assembly is a bicameral legislature, with a 249-member House of the People (Wolesi Jirga), and a 102-member House of the Elders (Meshrano Jirga). The nine justices of the Supreme Court (Stera Mahkama) are appointed to terms of 10 years by the President. These appointments are subject to approval by the Wolesi Jirga. Afghanistan Population The population of Afghanistan is estimated at 32.6 million. Afghanistan is home to a number of ethnic groups. The largest is the Pashtun, 42 percent of the population. Tajiks make up 27 percent, Hazaras  8 percent, and Uzbeks 9 percent, Aimaks 4 percent, Turkmen 3 percent and Baluchi 2 percent. The remaining 13 percent are tiny populations of Nuristanis, Kizibashis, and other groups. Life expectancy for both men and women within Afghanistan is 60 years. The infant mortality rate is 115 per 1,000 live births, the worst in the world. It also has one of the highest maternal mortality rates. Official Languages Afghanistans official languages are Dari and Pashto, both of which are Indo-European languages in the Iranian sub-family. Written Dari and Pashto both use a modified Arabic script.Other Afghan languages include Hazaragi, Uzbek, and Turkmen. Dari is the Afghan dialect of the Persian language. It is quite similar to Iranian Dari, with slight differences in pronunciation and accent. The two are mutually intelligible. Around 33 percent of Afghanis speak Dari as their first language. About 40 percent of the people of Afghanistan speak Pashto, the language of the Pashtun tribe. It is also spoken in the Pashtun areas of western Pakistan. Religion The overwhelming majority of Afghanistans people are Muslim, around 99 percent. About 80 percent are Sunni, and 19 percent Shia. The final one percent includes about 20,000 Bahais, 3,000-5,000 Christians. Only one Bukharan Jewish man, Zablon Simintov, remained by 2005. All of the other members of the Jewish community fled when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979. Until the mid-1980s, Afghanistan also had a population of 30,000 to 150,000 Hindus and Sikhs. During the Taliban regime, the Hindu minority was forced to wear yellow badges when they went out in public, and Hindu women had to wear the Islamic-style hijab. Today, only a few Hindus remain. Geography Afghanistan is a land-locked country bordering on Iran to the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan to the north, a tiny border with China at the northeast, and Pakistan to the east and south. Its total area is 647,500 square kilometers (almost 250,000 square miles). Most of Afghanistan is in the Hindu Kush Mountains, with some lower-lying desert areas. The highest point is Nowshak, at 7,486 meters (24,560 feet). The lowest is the Amu Darya River Basin, at 258 meters (846 feet). An arid and mountainous country, Afghanistan has little cropland; a scant 12 percent is arable, and only 0.2 percent is under permanent crop-cover. Climate The climate of Afghanistan is very dry and seasonal, with temperatures varying by altitude. Kabuls average January temperature is 0 degrees Celsius (32 Fahrenheit), while noon temperatures in July often reach 38 Celsius (100 Fahrenheit). Jalalabad can hit 46 Celsius (115 Fahrenheit) in the summer. Most of the precipitation that falls in Afghanistan comes in the form of winter snow. The nation-wide annual average is only 25-30 centimeters (10 to 12 inches), but snow drifts in the mountain valleys can reach depths of over 2 meters. The desert experiences sandstorms carried on winds moving at up to 177 kph (110 mph). Economy Afghanistan is among the poorest countries on Earth. The per capita GDP is $1,900 US, and about 36 percent of the population lives under the poverty line. The economy of Afghanistan receives large infusions of foreign aid, totaling billions of U.S. dollars annually. It has been undergoing a recovery, in part by the return of over five million expatriates and new construction projects. The countrys most valuable export is opium; eradication efforts have had mixed success. Other export goods include wheat, cotton, wool, handwoven rugs, and precious stones. Afghanistan imports much of its food and energy. Agriculture employs 80 percent of the labor force, industry, and services 10 percent each. The unemployment rate is 35 percent. The currency is the afghani. As of 2016, $1 US 69 afghani. History of Afghanistan Afghanistan was settled at least 50,000 years ago. Early cities such as Mundigak and Balkh sprang up around 5,000 years ago; they likely were affiliated with the Aryan culture of India. Around 700 B.C., the Median Empire expanded its rule to Afghanistan. The Medes were an Iranian people, rivals of the Persians. By 550 B.C., the Persians had displaced the Medians, establishing the Achaemenid Dynasty. Alexander the Great of Macedonia invaded Afghanistan in 328 B.C., founding a Hellenistic empire with its capital at Bactria (Balkh). The Greeks were displaced around 150 B.C. by the Kushans and later the Parthians, nomadic Iranians. The Parthians ruled until about 300 A.D. when the Sassanians took control. Most Afghans were Hindu, Buddhist or Zoroastrian at that time, but an Arab invasion in 642 A.D. introduced Islam. The Arabs defeated the Sassanians and ruled until 870, at which time they were driven out again by the Persians. In 1220, Mongol warriors under Genghis Khan conquered Afghanistan, and descendants of the Mongols would rule much of the region until 1747. In 1747, the Durrani Dynasty was founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani, an ethnic Pashtun. This marked the origin of modern Afghanistan. The nineteenth century witnessed increasing Russian and British competition for influence in Central Asia, in The Great Game. Britain fought two wars with the Afghans, in 1839-1842 and 1878-1880. The British were routed in the first Anglo-Afghan War but took control of Afghanistans foreign relations after the second. Afghanistan was neutral in World War I, but Crown Prince Habibullah was assassinated for purported pro-British ideas in 1919. Later that year, Afghanistan attacked India, prompting the British to relinquish control over Afghan foreign affairs. Habibullahs younger brother Amanullah reigned from 1919 until his abdication in 1929. His cousin, Nadir Khan, became king but lasted only four years before he was assassinated. Nadir Khans son, Mohammad Zahir Shah, then took the throne, ruling from 1933 to 1973. He was ousted in a coup by his cousin Sardar Daoud, who declared the country a republic. Daoud was ousted in turn in 1978 by the Soviet-backed PDPA, which instituted Marxist rule. The Soviets took advantage of the political instability to invade in 1979; they would remain for ten years. Warlords ruled from 1989 until the extremist Taliban took power in 1996. The Taliban regime was ousted by U.S.-led forces in 2001 for its support of Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda. A new Afghan government was formed, supported by the International Security Force of the United Nations Security Council. The new government continued to receive help from  US-led NATO troops to battle Taliban insurgencies and shadow governments. The US war in Afghanistan was officially ended December 28, 2014.

Long term care Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Long term care - Case Study Example Rehabilitation centers also constitute an important part of long-term care facilities. Ethics, on the other hand, refers to the concept of right and wrong. Ethics involves the process of defending and applauding the perception of what is right and what is wrong. Ethics defines the best way for people to live to live and tells what should happen in particular circumstances. The whole concept of ethics is based on human morality. The concept of morality in long-term care facilities go hand in hand. There are, however, various challenges that have evolved in the process of ensuring ethics in such facilities. The concept of reasoning has been a problem in long-term care facilities, especially where the patients are mentally unstable (Ekland-Olson, 2015). Mental instability impairs thinking. The patients in these facilities, therefore, propagate immorality due to the inability to reason logically. Another ethical challenge in long-term care facilities has been the increasing populations in such facilities. The concentration of patients in a small restricted area has made it relatively difficult for the authorities to monitor morality. High population makes it difficult for immoral individuals to be traced. In the United States, care facilities are one of the institutional frameworks that need the establishment of morality. Morality in such institutions can be designed and sustained by increased monitoring of individuals and strict observation of legislated policies. Necessary legal actions should be taken on any staff who does not show morality in their profession (Fan, 2010). More long-term care institutions should also be established to control the increasing challenge of overpopulated facilities. Morality in long-term care facilities should be enhanced bot only for the safety of patients under such care, but also for the moral stability of the nation as a whole. Morality in such institutions should, therefore, be maintained at the highest levels

Answering Questions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Answering Questions - Research Paper Example Since the early childhood people are involved in game activity. It starts as education and continues as entertainment. The apotheosis of game is war. In their essays Kofi Annan and Tim Bowling compare football and hockey to â€Å"serious† human activities, such as the UN and war. Kofi Annan, the Secretary General of the UN in 1997-2006, compares football with the UN. Both are international activities and both have about 200 countries as participants: â€Å"as the pinnacle of the only truly global game, played in every country by every race and religion, it is one of the few phenomena as universal as the UN† (Annan 234). Annan argues that the UN should be more like football for people. He dreams of â€Å"citizens consumed by the topic of how their country could do better on the Human Development Index, or exercised about how to reduce carbon emissions or HIV infections† (Annan 234). Indeed, if people were as interested in the UN activities as they are in football, this world would be a much more pleasant place. In my opinion Annan is wrong, because he compares different things. The most important difference is that the UN suggests cooperation, and football is competition. This is the fault of all organizations of such type. They can’t sto p people from competing and fighting. The predecessor of the UN—the League of Nations—failed to prevent the Second World War, just as the UN failed to prevent the USA aggression in the Middle East. Nothing can change the human nature. That is why the UN and football are the phenomena of different orders. The Human Development Index and HIV infections are important, without doubt, but they can never be as important as game. 2. That is why I completely agree to Tim Bowling’s argument that the game of hockey is like war. It was stated above that game is the important element of culture and that war is also a game, most bloody, but most taking one. Two (or more) teams compete for

Foolish Pride in Judith Guests Ordinary People :: Judith Guest Ordinary People Essays

Foolish Pride in Ordinary People In the book Ordinary People, the author Judith Guest portrays a "normal" family, living in Lake Forest, struggling with many problems on the inside, but trying their best to hide their feelings. This book explores the need for everyone to act normal, and ordinary, and even though everyone in the book had a huge problem eating them from the inside, they didn't want anyone to know something was wrong. Many characters in the book hid from their problems. By the end of the book most of them managed to get better, but some of them were gone for good. In the book, Conrad struggled with perfection. He tried to be the obedient son, the good student, and eventually everything got to him so much, he felt the only way to escape was to try and kill himself. "An obedient boy. Polite, well mannered. Even in the hospital, with his fingernails bitten to bloody half-moons, the dark circles, bloody bruises under his eyes; always always his behavior was proper" (13). Conrad was strung too tight, fortunately by the end of the book he learned to relax, and not to stress too much about everything. Unfortunately this wasn't true for all the characters. Everyone viewed Conrad's mother, Beth, as perfect. Beth always had to have everything organized, neat. She had to be in control. Everything about her on the outside seems perfect. "Gracious as always, but Cal knows she doesn't like this. She is wearing a white-knit pantsuit, a long-sleeved black blouse, her hair tied back from her face with a black scarf. She does look gorgeous" (64). After her first son Buck died, and her second son Conrad tried to kill himself, she starts to realize that her family is falling apart, but she can't help them. Beth is all about appearance, how she and her family seem to other people. She can't handle talking about major problems, even when they involve the people she loves. Calvin, Conrad's father tries to be helpful to everyone. He is very caring to his son, and tries very hard with his wife Beth. It seems that Cal gives himself away to everyone, making sure his family is ok, but never worried about himself.

A Son of the Forest and Other Writings by William Apess, a Pequot

A Son of the Forest and Other Writings is writings of William Apess, a 19th century Native American.   He was the first Native American to write extensively in the English language.Aside from culling from his first published autobiography, A Son of the Forest (1829),   Ã‚  Ã‚  this volume also contains other autobiographical works like â€Å"The Experiences of Five Christian Indians of the Pequot Tribe† (1832) and his â€Å"Eulogy on King Philip† (1836).In A Son of the Forest he narrates about being born in a tent in the woods of Colrain, Massachussetts, to a Pequot mother and a mixed blood (white and Pequot) father who later separated.   He describes his participation in the War of 1812 between the United States and Britain (after he ran away from indenture servitude) and his conversion to Methodism.He also talks about how his grandfather was a white man who married the granddaughter of King Philip.   He shares how he was abused by his alcoholic grandparents an d eventually sold as an indenture slave while he was very young. His master introduced him to Christianity and allowed him to go to school.   This part was the most influential phase of his life.   He became a preacher in 1833 and moved to Mashpee, the last Indian town in Massachusetts.Here he was able to experience first hand the incompatibility of his Christian faith and the racial prejudice and injustice the whites have done towards the natives. These became the recurring themes of his writings.   In his famous Eulogy on King Philip in Boston in 1836 he strongly forwarded the idea that Indians wanted what the Pilgrims wanted: justice and Christian fellowship.This gripping volume is a subtle political work of Apess of the Pequot Indian people. He articulated Native American consciousness and sentiments through his fiery Christian evangelism.   His topics range from poverty, child abuse, alcoholism (which he himself became one later in life), ethnic identity and religious c onversion.This volume is historically significant because it speaks and argues about racism during the early period of the republic.   Apess chronicled the abuses and injustices suffered by the Indians in the hands of the whites and those acting in God’s name.   Methodism appealed to Native Americans then because of its enthusiastic style and its emphasis on equality.   The work gives an alternative view of the often-written Native American marginalization and rationalization of Indian extinction.The work describes the character of the Native Americans first-hand by one of their own. His most powerful polemic is Eulogy on King Philip where Apess compared the seventeenth-century Wampanoag leader, Metacomet or â€Å"King Philip† to the English, to the republic’s early national hero and founding father, George Washington.He lectures about the relations of Native Americans with the whites in New England. Apess further argues that the Native American cause shou ld not be isolated from American history because Indian history and culture is part thereof.   Their cause is likened to the American Revolution.Published in 1830, A Son of the Forest implicitly challenges the national controversy of the times over the Indian Removal Bill which legalized the federal government’s decision to force Native Americans off their traditional homelands east of the Mississippi River.   Here he promotes the Indians’ humanity, worth, and potential with his life as an example.ReferencesO’Conell, B. (Ed.) (1997). A Son of the Forest and Other Writings by William Apess, a Pequot. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.  

The Three Topics I Chose For My Final Project Were Those

The three topics I chose for my final project were those of Safe Sex, STI’s, and Pregnancy. These three topics interested me the most and what’s really cool is that they can all be linked and come hand in hand with each other. Pregnancy has a lot of positive and negative sides to it, not to mention a lot of cool facts behind it as far as child bearing choices. Safe sex was particularly interesting with all the statistics and prevention methods of pregnancy (condoms and birth control) and STI’s. Also, the number of different infections that can occur from unprotected sex was astounding. The way I think of it is if safe sex is not happening and being taught, then the products of sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy can occur. The†¦show more content†¦I guess to me and probably many other women it depends on the situation we are in and possibly even how the baby was conceived, would be another deciding factor. The SEX ED GAME has a particular scena rio that states that a pregnancy test came up positive, you are having a baby, time to go get checked out and discuss choices of child bearing. However, it does make you lose a turn, I did this entirely because society looks at pregnancy in many different ways. Most commonly negative, mostly depending on age. In this case the game is teen based, which in society’s perspective, teen pregnancy is negative. Sex is enjoyable. I think almost everyone can agree to that. However, it is the matter of being safe while being pleasured is the issue here. Having sex safely can reduce the chances of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. There are a number of ways to practice safe sex. Using the prevention methods is key. Whether it is condoms, birth control, female condoms etc.†¦ Condoms are the most effective method of safe sex that can prevent both issues. They are 98% effective in preventing pregnancy and STI’s when used properly. â€Å"There is no definitive study about condom effectiveness for all STDs. But several studies have demonstrated Final Project Narrative PSYX 235D Sec 1:40 Hannah Moncur that condoms, when used consistently and correctly, can protect against the transmission of bacterial infections.† (Dawson) Birth control is typically for the female.Show MoreRelatedWriting Assignments For College And High School Essay1288 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is much more expected from me as a writer. In high school, we were given a topic to write about whereas in college, we are given the opportunity to write about what we want to. When I am able to choose what I want to write about, it makes the writing process easier. When being able to pick your own topic for a paper, you can relate to the paper more, rather than having to write about something you know nothing about or a topic that isn’t interesting to you. The requirements for writing in collegeRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Career Life Consuming And Stressful Classes I Have Ever Taken1521 Words   |  7 Pagesstressful classes I have ever taken; however, this has helped me develop my writing from mediocr e to superior. As I compare my past work with my more recent work, I can see a dramatic difference. My first few assignments were written in the same manner as assignments from my freshman year of high school. Beginning the semester, I had the most trouble with grammar and punctuation, such as: commas, semicolons, and colons. I also had a tough time making my sentences flow together easily, my essays soundedRead MoreGiraffes1223 Words   |  5 PagesWhy did I choose to write my essay about the giraffe? I chose to write my essay about the giraffe because this mammal has been my favorite animal since the third grade. My science teacher had us do a project about an animal. I did mine on the giraffe and working on that project I became more fascinated by the giraffe as I was working on the project. It made me just wanted to know more. This is why I chose to write my essay about the giraffe. I already knew a little bit of information about theRead MoreInformative Speech : Psychoactive Drugs Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe second article that I felt needed revision to solidify the success of the piece was the brochure that discusses my topic of psychoactive drugs. While creating this topic in brochure form, I enjoyed the task at hand, felt at ease when creating it, so revising it would not necessarily be a burden on my part. The first major revision worth noting is the coherency. Throughout there were some word phrases that either did not flow well, were out of place, or felt too extra to the discussion at handRead MoreMy Personal Statement On My Career1681 Words   |  7 Pages This class has overall been one of my favorite classes that I have taken over the past four years five years at DeSales. I learned more than I expected and have implemented some of these learned lessons towards simple excel calculations into my work at my job. For my chosen project, I decided to take a look at one of my hobbies. During my senior year I took a personal finance and discussed with one of my professors about my collection of trading cards. The result of this conversation, had me startRead MoreAnalysis Of The Salary Cap1365 Words   |  6 PagesThe National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has a current system that is utterly dysfunctional. I outlined two separate ways that I believe have the promise to fix this flawed organization. One of those, the salary cap, would be replicated after the professional system. To show the complex nature of this, using a power point presentation was the only way. The other, the free market approach, would be translated easily int o the college game. Due to being easier to understand, a paper appealingRead MoreTuberculosis And Its Effects On Society Essay1602 Words   |  7 Pagesthe problem, the existing means of informing the public are not ideal, being either traumatizing to the audience or not emphasizing the severity of the issue to the proper degree. To do my part to bring proper awareness to tuberculosis as well as the injustice surrounding its treatment in various parts of the world, I decided to create a musical piece consisting of two tracks, one representing the progression of TB in a person in Peru and the other representing the progression of TB in a person in theRead MoreTeam Reflection1431 Words   |  6 Pages I don’t think that we could have been any luckier in our team assignment. Although we are four very different individuals, we share similar thought patterns and because some of our members are stronger in analytical thinking and others in creative thinking, there is just enough overlap that we enhance each-other’s strengths while reducing our weaknesses. We are all high B to low A type personalities, which means that although we are all results driven there is no-one on the team who bogarts theRead MoreIntern At Anslow Bryant Construction1330 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this final report is to summarize my experiences as an intern at Anslow Bryant Construction, Ltd. I will discuss the internship orientation and preparation, activities and experiences, and the application of technology. I will continue on to the energy and environmental awareness, and sustainable construction, and communication shill enhancement. I will conclude this report with legal and ethical issue awareness, lessons learned, and the overall assessment and recommendationsRead MoreReflection Paper On The s Television Show The Newsroom 1717 Words   |  7 PagesReflection Paper For this project, I chose a paper I had written for COM 340 Media Criticism. The paper is a formal criticism paper on season one of HBO’s television show, The Newsroom, and focuses on the character Charlie Skinner. Most of the paper concentrates on semiotics, the study of signs. It is fifteen pages long because there is a lot of description before the analysis of what is being described. When I was brainstorming ideas of possible ways to approach this topic, this paper was one of the

What Not to Bring to College

Putting together an awesome college packing list can seem simple enough ... until you take a second look and begin to question whether or not you really need all of that stuff. So how can you decide what to bring -- and what to leave behind? While each students situation is, of course, unique, there are some general dont-bring-em items that definitely shouldnt be brought to college, whether youre a first-year student or a senior or at a large college or a super small one. High School Paraphernalia You know those trophies, class rings, and other items that all symbolize your time in high school? Theyre best left behind. While they may bring back great memories for you, they also make you look like youre still stuck back in high school. Can you bring the lucky football cleats that helped you win the championship? Of course. Should you bring your championship trophy? Better not. High School Clothes Of course, some of the clothes you wore in high school will work just fine in college. But some items, like those that advertise you were on JV Cheer your junior year, are probably best left at home. College campuses practically give t-shirts away through clubs, activities, and special events anyway, so rest assured that you wont be without comfy tees for long. Candles If youre living in the residence halls, these are rarely, if ever, allowed. And if youre living in an off-campus apartment, chances are they arent allowed there, either. Be safe and leave the candles at home so you can avoid any potential conflicts with your RA or your landlord. Large Appliances Try to keep things as compact as possible. So while that popcorn maker your favorite auntie got you may seem pretty cool, its probably best left at home. Larger appliances will take up a ton of room and likely will only be used a few times a year -- if at all. (Microwaves and mini-fridges, of course, are the exception.) Expensive Equipment and Electronics You may have spent months saving up for some fancy-schmancy stereo system. And as awesome as you think it is, the thief in the building next door likes it even more. Dont tempt fate -- or your fellow classmates -- by bringing in equipment or electronics that stand out because of their high cost. Hard-to-Replace Paperwork While you might need things like your birth certificate and your social security card once or twice during your time in school, its better to bring it to campus, show it to whoever needs to see it (the financial aid office, for example), and then send or bring it back home. If items like these disappear, it can be a major pain in the brain to replace them -- especially if someones stolen them and committed identity theft. Off-Season Clothes While figuring out which clothes to bring to college can be a challenge, one easy rule to go by is to leave off-season clothes behind. If youre heading to school in August, for example, you can probably get your warmest winter jacket in a few months. Theres no need to have clothes you arent going to wear take up already limited space in your room. Duplicates of What Your Roommate Has There are quite a few things you can share with your roommate, so make sure to touch base with him or her before you pack. Two microwaves, for example, will steal a ton of space and be unnecessary. Figure out what each of you wants to bring and then divide and conquer. Drugs and Alcohol This should go without saying, but moving into your residence hall room or apartment with drugs and/or alcohol is a pretty rough way to start out the year. Besides setting yourself up to focus on things other than academics (which is what youre in college for at the end of the day), it can set you off on the wrong foot with an RA or landlord if anyone sees you. Dont sabotage all the work you did to get to college by making a dumb mistake when you first arrive.

Essay about Role Reversal in King Lear - 1385 Words

Role Reversal in King Lear King Lear, known as one of Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies, deeply affects its audience by playing out the destruction of two families. At the end of this play two of the protagonists, King Lear and his loyal friend the Earl of Gloucester, die after having suffered through major injustices at the hands of their own children. These characters’ deaths are incredibly tragic because they are brought on by their own actions instead of by the circumstances that surround them. Lear and Gloucester are not bad men but rather good men that make the fatal mistake of not acting according to their positions in life. In doing so, they ultimately force their children, Cordelia and Edgar respectively, to take on†¦show more content†¦In the 1985 production of this play starring Lawrence Olivier, Lear enters the opening scene lovingly arm in arm with Cordelia. He then sits on his throne and has a large map of his kingdom spread out on the floor before him. When he utters the wo rds in 1.1.155, he unceremoniously throws his crown onto the ground in the middle of the map. I thought this was excellent stage direction because in this one movement he sets the tone for the problems that will come as a result of his unthinking action. Much like Lear, Gloucester opens the play by shunning his role – that of a father. He embarrasses his illegitimate son, Edmund, when he says to Kent I have so often blushed to acknowledge him that now I am brazed to ‘t (1.1.10-11). He then goes on to minimize his affection for his legitimate son, Edgar, by saying that he . . . is no dearer in my account (1.1.20-21). A father has two choices regarding a child conceived through an affair; he can either deny the child’s existence or accept the child into his family as one of his own. Gloucester lamely attempts both with Edmund. In addition, his comment about Edgar send a mixed message regarding the son he considers his heir. In the Olivier version of this play, the stage direction has Edmund standing nearby while Gloucester converses with Kent. When Gloucester speaks the words in 1.1.10-11, he throws his arm around Edmund’s shoulder and laughingly taps him on the chest. The stage direction here works well beca use theShow MoreRelated foolear The Wise Fool in Shakespeares King Lear Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe Wise Fool in King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚   Whether or not the role of the Fool is an important one within King Lear is arguable. Although he seems to have great insight into much of the plays main events, he seems not to have any real influence on both the plot as well as the outcome of the play. He remains the sole character who does not have any direct link with the events of the plot, coupled with an unusually early exit; this raises the question of his significance. However at the very leastRead MoreThe Tragedy Of King Lear Essay1745 Words   |  7 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s play The Tragedy of King Lear, human suffering is exploited through exploring social destruction caused by love, lust, and loss. King Lear’s kingdom is broken down through the excess of love and hate. Behaviors resulting from such emotions becomes tragic flaws for the characters within the play, as the need for approval disrupts all natural social order, which is then represented by the natural world. The natural world and nature of society become intertwined as the plotRead MoreKing Lear and Antigone as Tragic Hero Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesBecause Lear is capable of change, he becomes a tragic hero; because Antigone is incapable of change, she never becomes a tragic heroine. 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Shakespeare wrote for an â€Å"audience encompassing almost an entire social spectrum of his time- from the monarch to the working class citizens who could occasionally just afford a penny to see the play† (Anderson 28). In his plays, A Midsummer Night’s Dream and King Lear, ShakespeareRead More Action and Observation in Shakespeares King Lear Essay2306 Words   |  10 PagesAction and Observation in King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Auden once asserted that Shakespearean tragedy is necessarily parabolic, pertaining to the only myth that Christianity possesses: that of the unrepentant thief. We as the spectators are thus implicated in the action since each of us is in danger of re-enacting [this story] in his own way.1 The sufferings of the hero could be our own sufferings, whereas in Greek tragedy, such a notion is precluded precisely because the misfortunes of a character

Catch Us If You Can Free Essays

With close reference to the novel that you have read, discuss how courage is shown by one of the characters. In the novel â€Å"Catch Us If You Can†, the character who shows courage is Rory. Rory handles challenges with courage. We will write a custom essay sample on Catch Us If You Can or any similar topic only for you Order Now No fear will ever deter him from being separated from his Granda. He had to risk the dangers from being caught as well as other problems that come his way. Firstly, a boy in his early teens, Rory has the courage to take care of his grandfather all by himself. It is not easy for him because he has to balance between school and taking care of his Granda who is getting more forgetful. It is not easy for a young boy to carry such a heavy responsibility. In addition, when they are separated, Rory plans an escape. At times, he feels like giving up, but courage kept him going. He knows he must be strong and brave to withstand the hardship of the Great Escape. He rescued Granda from Rachnadar and never looked back. Then, another example of courage portray by Rory was when Granda fails to wake up on top of the hill. Rory had to be bravely run for help where he knocks on a stranger’s door. For a young boy to do that is indeed very courageous thing. Throughout their journey going through the escape, I learnt that Rory is indeed very brave. He did not fear the unknown, caring for his aged grandfather while running from the authorities. He showed courage right from the beginning till the end. How to cite Catch Us If You Can, Papers

Accounting Organizations and Society System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Organizations and Society System. Answer: Introduction: The goodwill impairment is mainly considered a charge that is imposed by organisation in the annual report when carrying value of the goodwill exceeds the fair value. In addition, the overall valuation of goodwill impairment is mainly considered an earnings charge that is recorded by the companies in their income statement. This record in the income statement is mainly conducted to identify whether goodwill is not able to demonstrate the financial results. Adams, Mezzullo and McManus (2015) mentioned that impairments charge directly allow the organisation to reduce the goodwill value according to the change in its future financial gain. There are different ways in which the overall goodwill impairment charges could be recorded in the annual report of QBEs. In addition, the impairment expenses are recorded in two statement of the annual report, which directly help in adjusting the fair value of an asset. The annual report of QBE needs to needs to adjust goodwill impairment charge of about $600 million and one-time impairment charge of $150 million. The impairment charges need to be recorded in annual report of the organisation, which could help in improving the financial viability of the organisation. The relevant measure could eventually help in declining the goodwill of QBE from its financial report. The overall onetime impairment charge of $150 million will mainly be deducted from the income statement, which could directly reduce the total profit for the year. Moreover, the goodwill impairment charge of about $600 million will mainly be reflected in non-current assets of the balance sheet. Hence, the impairment ch ange will mainly reduce the value of goodwill in the annual report. Bebbington and Larrinaga (2014) stated that use of impairment expenses directly allow the organisation to adjust their intangible assets, which could help in depicting the fair value of the organisation. Depicting whether QBEs chairperson is considered an intangible asset, and adequate disclosure is been depicted in their financial statement: The relevant intangible assets need to be disclosed in the financial report of QBE, as it might help in improving the financial report. However, the reputation of the chairperson cannot be considered intangible assets, which is adequately depicted in IFRS 3, and IE16-IE44. The relevant measures directly indicate that the individual person cannot be considered an intangible asset of an organisation. According to the relevant Initial Accounting for Internally Generated Intangible Assets, it could be identified that -any kind of work or programmes can be considered intangibles assets (Cortesi et al. 2015). However, the person that is contributing to the intangible asset cannot be considered an intangible asset of an organisation. This can be identified from the paragraph 33 A, where it states that artist related works like literary work, television programmes and plays can be identified as intangible asserts. However, persons having the talent to create the programs and play are not con sidered intangible assets, where it cannot be listed in the annual report of an organisation. However, the programs and policies, which try to increase the financial income of the company in future, can be listed in the annual report of QBE. Hence, the CEO cannot be listed as the intangible assets of the organisation as per the AASB and IFRS rule. Drury (2013) mentioned that the relevant rules and regulations directly state that the organisation can list the intangible assets, which could provide relevant future income for the organisation. The organisation could also use the contract based, technology based, customer-related based and marketing related intangible assets, which could be listed in annual report of the organisation. Therefore, it could be assumed that QBE cannot enlist the reputation of CEO, as the intangible assets in their annual report. Identifying the benefits that might accrue to Lion Nathan with sales and leaseback transactions: From the overall evaluation of the Lion Nathan, case relevant benefits that could be identified from operations. This could eventually allow the organisation to reduce the overall tax that is been given and maximise their retained income. The relevant sale of the property could eventually allow the organisation to increase their cash reserves, which could raise the investment capacity of Lion Nathan. The leaseback transaction could also help in improving the overall profitability of the organisation. This lease transaction could eventually allow the organisation to get deductions in their tax amount, which in turn could help in increasing the retained income that could eventually raise shareholders wealth. Hoyle, Schaefer and Doupnik (2015) mentioned that reduction in overall tax expenses directly allows the organisation for retaining more income in the business, which could directly help in improving shareholders wealth. Moreover, the sales value could eventually allow the organisation to obtain more cash, which could in turn help in improving its investment capability. Furthermore, the high cash reserves could eventually allow Lion Nathan to conduct the required level of investments on hotels, which could improve revenue stream of the organisation. Malak (2015) mentioned that companies with high investment scope could eventually allow the organisation to generate the relevant profitability from investment that could increase firm value and raise shareholder wealth. The relevant lease needs to be a finance lease, as Lion Nathan could adequately enlist the asset in balance sheet. The finance lease is mainly considered, as a general loan, where the asset directly appears in the balance sheet. This finance lease also allows the organisation to hold the asset as ownership, which could directly allow the company to initiate both interest and depreciation in their books. These overall measures could directly allow Lion Nathan to reduce the overall tax expenses and increase relevant retained income. However, the operating lease method does not allow the organization to enlist the asset in their balance sheet, which could in turn reduce its total assets (McEwen and Hunton 2015). The operating lease method only allows interest expenses to be deducted from the annual report and the company in their income statement calculates no depreciation. Therefore, it could be understood that using operating lease does not provide Lion Nathan any kind of advantage fo r improving its financial position in the annual report. Hence, It could be identified that using the finance lease measure could eventually allow Lion Nathan to improve its capital assets, which could be listed in the annual report. Relevant entries need to be conducted by Lion Nathan on its income statement and balance sheet to reflect the sale of pubs. This directory allows Lion Nathan for reducing the total assets and depicting any kind of loss of profit that was obtained from the sale of pubs. any kind of profit and loss will directly be reflected on the income statement where it would be stated as loss or profit from sale of asset. On the same aspect relevant deduction in the balance sheet for a particular asset needs to be conducted adjusting the balance sheet according to the current total assets of the organisation. In this context, Mo and Waples (2015) stated that the use of asset sale directly allows the organisation to obtain the relevant cash for supporting a new investment idea, which could provide higher returns from investment. The detection of any kind of profits obtained by the organisation is directly depicted in income statement, which portrays the current transaction that is conducted by the organisation.Moreover, the cash transactions of the sale will also be reflected on cash flow statement, relevant reductions from sale of assets will be depicted. Depreciation is mainly calculated on the basis of actual value of an asset, which could directly reflect in annual report of the organisation. There will be a change in depreciation valuation that needs to be conducted by Lion Nathan in their annual report, as the lease value will mainly be calculated for depreciation purposes. In addition, any kind of profit from the sale of pub will directly increase the valuation of the Asset, while a loss would reduce the valuation of the Asset.This relevant reduction or increment in the asset value could also change the depreciation value, as Lion Nathan will be using finance leasing method. This finance leasing method directly allows the organisation to depreciate the asset in the annual books and record the assets in balance sheet (Smith 2017). Hence, the depreciation will change for Lion Nathan in their annual report, as valuation of the Asset will change. Reference and Bibliography: Adams, P.W.R., Mezzullo, W.G. and McManus, M.C., 2015. Biomass sustainability criteria: Greenhouse gas accounting issues for biogas and biomethane facilities.Energy Policy,87, pp.95-109. Bebbington, J. and Larrinaga, C., 2014. Accounting and sustainable development: An exploration. Accounting, Organizations and Society,39(6), pp.395-413. Cortesi, A., Tettamanzi, P., Scaccabarozzi, U., Spertini, I. and Castoldi, S., 2015.Advanced Financial Accounting: Financial Statement AnalysisAccounting IssuesGroup Accounts. EGEA spa. DRURY, C.M., 2013.Management and cost accounting. Springer. Hoyle, J.B., Schaefer, T. and Doupnik, T., 2015.Advanced accounting. McGraw Hill. Malak, S.S.D.A., 2015. Cooperative learning: Buddy system in an advanced accounting subject. McEwen, R.A. and Hunton, J.E., 2015. Retraction: Is Analyst Forecast Accuracy Associated With Accounting Information Use?.Accounting Horizons,29(3), pp.749-749. Mo, S. and Waples, E., 2015. AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN COURSE PERFORMANCE OF ACCOUNTING MAJORS.International Journal of Education Research,10(2). Smith, M., 2017.Research methods in accounting. Sage. Spiceland, C.P., Spiceland, J.D. and Schaeffer, S.J., 2015. Using a course redesign to address retention and performance issues in introductory accounting.Journal of Accounting Education,33(1), pp.50-68. Tucker, B. and Hoque, Z., 2017. Mixed methods for understanding accounting issues.The Routledge Companion to Qualitative Accounting Research Methods, p.301. Zeff, S.A., 2016. Accounting Textbooks as Change Agents: Finney's Intermediate and Finney and Miller's Intermediate from 1934 to 1958.Accounting Historians Journal,43(1), pp.59-77.

Behavior Involved In Mate Selection And Attraction Essays

Behavior Involved In Mate Selection And Attraction Reproduction in Homo sapiens, as in all animals, is a primary driving force and has been elaborated upon since the beginnings of society. Humans must take part in sexual reproduction to produce offspring, thus initiation behaviors can be studied. Commonly, the male makes advances and the female is the selector, or chooses the mate. For humans, this holds true and behavior is modified to maximize competitive receptability. This phenomenon carries across all cultural boundaries and is deeply rooted in the overall behavior patterns in the people of the culture. People try to refine their natural appearance to maximize mating opportunity. The males attempt to enhance features for success in initiation and females compete for receptability completeness. Decorations of the face and skin can vary from elongated ear lobes and a pierced nose to eye shadow and lipstick. Elaborate costumes have been witnessed to help in the process of mate selection. Behaviors can stem from submissiveness to aggression in the act of initiation. The following data was recorded at a local establishment. The interactions recorded were made between males and females. Start time 10:30pm: Target group: young males and females Observed behavior: -approach, by male, to opposite sex -approach, by female, to opposite sex -initiation of communication between sexes -gift presentation to opposite sex (drink buying) -physical touch by hands by one sex to the other -physical gesturing and locomotion (dancing) -intimate physical touch (kissing, hugging) -Female reaction to male These activities are part of the initiation process that leads to mate selection and sexual reproduction. The participants in the mate selecting group also sported various forms of adornment to increase mate reception. For the males, clothing (some tight or revealing of body structure), jewelry, scent masking or enhancement, and domineering posture. Males also revealed a more aggressive behavior style than females. Females displayed facial coloring (make-up), clothing (some revealing of body), scents, jewelry on hands, around neck, and in ears, and coloration of fingernails. Females could pose an inviting body posture to promote initiation and took part in selecting which males are acceptable. These types of behaviors witnessed were all part of the American cultural style of initiation of mate selection. Some of the activities and patterns listed can cross cultural boundaries. Face painting, ornate dress, and scent proliferation have been witnessed in many societies at different times throughout the world and history. One common pattern that was mutual between the sexes was the utility of a social lubricant. The individuals witnessed took part in the consumption of alcoholic beverages to induce social interactivity. At the end of the observation period (approx. 1.5 hrs. later) some of the females had selected a male of perceived appropriate value. Note that of the pairings, more symmetrically attractive females attracted more symmetrically attractive males. This holds true with other cultures and the rest of the animal kingdom. The most fit male may be seen as the most attractive in this situation and the female who can chose him does so. Fitness and symmetry are both properties that can reveal genetic superiority. It is only natural of the female to select a mate of adequate reproductive potential. This is observed in the study and matches the correlating informaiton about mate selection. Humans follow the same mate selecting pattern as the rest of the animal kingdom. Although highly modified and complex in comparison to the rest of the animal world the results are still the same. The most capable male will be selected in the light of the most fit female. Competition is inherent in this system and, for humans, both sexes try to promote maximum success. The behavioral patterns witnessed are products of societal influence and can differ for each society. These behavioral displays are an integral part of the mate selection process and are prevalent in humans today. Science

AIDS among African Americans

HIV/AIDS among African Americans Introduction The prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS vary from on ethnic group to another in the United States. The epidemiology of this global menace has evolved with time since it started by affecting the white people and is now affecting the black people. Epidemiological data indicates that in the modern society, black people have high prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on HIV/AIDS among African Americans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the many ethnic groups experiencing worst cases of this disease is the African Americans because they have high prevalence rates when compared to other ethnic groups. For example, this disease is more prevalent among African Americans than among Asian Americans and Hispanic Americans. Stone, Ojikutu, Rawlings, and Smith (2009) record that within a period of 20 years, viz.1985 2005, the rate of infection of HIV/AIDS doubled from 25 per cent to 50 p er cent among African Americans. This change means that more African Americans are contracting the disease, living with it, or are under treatment than ever before. Additionally, statistics indicate that HIV/AIDS infections have gender orientation, as rates of infections are higher among women than among men (National Alliance of State Territorial AIDS Directors, 2008). Overall, a number of reasons might explain this scenario; for instance, drug abuse, sexual behaviors, and socioeconomic factors. The American government has come up with a number of programs to combat this problem. Therefore, this paper explores the potential causes of the disparity in HIV/AIDS and examines the efficacy of the programs that have been established to help in combating this menace. Overview of HIV/AIDS in the US Beyond 1980s, the white people had a higher number of people living with HIV/AIDS when compared to the blacks. Drug abusers and homosexuals defined the group of people among the whites who had a high prevalence of the disease. However, as cases of HIV/AIDS infections increased among the Americans, Africans Americans started to experience higher rates of infections than other ethnicities. Between 1985 and 2005, the infection rates doubled among African Americans from about 25 per cent to approximately 50 per cent (Stone, Ojikutu, Rawlings, Smith, 2009). In 1985, the population of African Americans formed about 12 per cent and during 2005, their population comprised 13 per cent.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The increase in population by 1 per cent does not justify the doubling of the disease cases. The increase was quite shocking because infection rates among other ethnic groups remained considerably low. Currently, the cases of infections among African Americans are still increasing exponentially. The disproportionate impact of the disease on th e Americans indicates that many factors, which mediate infection, exist among varied ethnicities and communities. In the United States, the population of people living with the disease has been increasing exponential in the last three decades. The people at risk of getting HIV/AIDS infections belong to the ages of 13 and 34 years because they are sexually active. Stone, Ojikutu, Rawlings, and Smith (2009) indicate, â€Å"At the end of 2008, 322, 796 persons were living with AIDS, nearly twice the number of those at the end of 1994† (p. 2). The exponential increase of the people living with the disease occurs due to change of lifestyles in the society coupled with other factors related to sexual behaviors. The government thus supported the introduction of treatment regimes and increased the number of prevention strategies. Although the treatment regimes and prevention strategies enabled stemming of HIV/AIDS amongst the whites, cases of the infections continued to increase amon g African Americans. As the cases of the disease continued to increase unabated among African Americans, the government and health care system had to revise their preventive strategies to help in combating the epidemic. From 1980s, it gradually became evident that African Americans had numerous predisposing factors that cause high rates of infections. Surveillance studies indicate that HIV/AIDS infections have both geographical and gender orientations. Stone, Ojikutu, Rawlings, and Smith (2009) note that surveillance data provided an interesting epidemiological aspect of HIV/AIDS epidemic, viz. â€Å"It was concentrated in specific geographical areas: the Northeast, the South, the Mid-Atlantic and the West coast† (p.3). The geographical aspect of the disease distribution indicates that there are social, economic, and cultural factors that contribute to the dominance of the disease in one region than other regions. Moreover, the occurrence of HIV/AIDS among African Americans h as gender orientation. African American women have higher cases of infections than their men counterparts do. â€Å"African American women comprise only 12 per cent of the female population in the United States, yet they accounted for 64 per cent of women living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2006† (National Alliance of State Territorial AIDS Directors, 2008, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on HIV/AIDS among African Americans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This observation means that gender-based factors predispose African American women to the disease. In this view, the presence of many predisposing factors to the disease is responsible for the disproportionate distribution of HIV/AIDS cases amongst American ethnic groups. Potential Causes Drug Abuse The prevalence of HIV/AIDS infections among African Americans is higher when compared to the general population of the United States because they f orm a significant population of drug abusers. Given that African Americans have low socioeconomic status, they tend to abuse drugs as a way of dealing with stress and other life challenges. Laurencin, Christensen, and Taylor (2008) posit, â€Å"Illicit drug use is an important primary risk factor for HIV/AIDS infection among African Americans, which is also noted as the second leading cause of HIV infection for both black men and black women† (p.38). Drug abuse predisposes African Americans to the disease because they share needles that they use when injecting drugs into their bodies. Since drugs that people abuse are illegal, they abuse them in secret places where they cannot access extra needles in the event that they attempt to avoid sharing. Lack of extra needles and the addictive nature of the drugs compel the drugs users to share needles, thus predisposing them to the disease. Hence, if one of the drug users has HIV/AIDS, the entire group of drug users would contract it . Moreover, drug abuse predisposes African Americans to unprotected sexual intercourse because drugs influence one’s rational judgment. Usually, sober individuals are unlikely to participate in unprotected sexual activities because they still have the rational capacity of protecting themselves during sexual intercourse. In contrast, drug users are unable to protect themselves either during consented sexual intercourse or from rape. When a drug user is under intoxication, the chance that he/she can consent to perform sexual intercourse with protection is minimal. Hence, most sexual intercourse activities that occur among intoxicated drug users are unprotected. McCree, Jones, and O’Leary (2010) assert that drug abuse is responsible for high cases of HIV/AIDS among drug users because they are vulnerable to sexual abuses. Drugs users are vulnerable to abuses such as rape, sodomy, and gang rape because they do not have the capacity to protect themselves from such abuses. Ev entually, victims contract the disease and continue to transmit to other people whom they abuse drugs together.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Drug abuse also influences adherence to antiretroviral medication and other related medications. When infected people abuse drugs, they forget to take their medication, thus increasing viral load in their bodies. Increased viral load increases the chances of HIV/AIDS transmission during unprotected sexual intercourse. â€Å"A study of female cocaine users, predominantly African American women, showed that substance users were less likely than nonusers to take their antiretroviral therapies exactly as prescribed† (Laurencin, Christensen, Taylor, 2008, p. 38). Thus, drug abuse among African Americans contributes to poor adherence to prescribed medication and increases transmission of HIV/AIDS within population. Additionally, some illegal drugs impede efficacy of antiretroviral drugs for the normal dose of medication does not have the intended impact on the viral load. Reduced efficacy of the antiretroviral drugs implies that the medication does not help in management of the di sease. Therefore, among drug abusers, antiretroviral drugs are not significantly helpful. Sexual Behaviors The nature and type of sexual behaviors that Africa Americans practice put them at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. Significant cases of infections occur through heterosexual contacts. African Americans nurture the social behavior of trusting each other while mistrusting other ethnic groups. The National Alliance of State and Territorial AIDS Directors (2008) posit, â€Å"African American women are less likely than other women to date men outside their racial/ethnic group† (p.1). Essentially, African American women tend to have sexual intercourse with African American men, thus restricting transmission of HIV/AIDS within their ethnic circle. Hence, heterosexual contact within the community explains why African Americans have a high prevalence of the disease when compared to other ethnic groups. Lower marriage rates among African Americans contribute to the increase in the c ases of HIV/AIDS transmission. Owing to low rates of marriage, African Americans prefer having multiple sexual partners. Given that most young people are single, they indulge in heterosexual intercourse with many partners, thus increasing the rate of transmission of HIV/AIDS. Moreover, sex-ratio imbalance has given men the advantage of having many sexual partners because women seem to be desperate in competing for the few available men. â€Å"The sex-ratio imbalance in African American communities can give rise to women’s difficulties in discussing and negotiating condom use with male sexual partners† (National Alliance of State Territorial AIDS Directors, 2008, p. 4). Thus, African American women succumb to demands of their partners, hence increasing their vulnerability to the disease. Ultimately, since men have multiple sexual partners, they increase the rate of transmission of HIV/AIDS among African Americans. Homosexual behaviors among African American men also co ntribute to the disproportionate occurrence of the disease. Among African American men, male-to-male sexual contact is responsible for the occurrence of high incidences of HIV/AIDS. Studies have shown that homosexuals have increased in the past decade due to recognition of their rights in the society. Hence, homosexuals have contributed to the increase in the prevalent rates of the disease among African Americans. According to Laurencin, Christensen, and Taylor (2008), survey conducted across the United States indicated that clubs, cafes, bars, parks, gyms, gay pride events, and social organizations are places where homosexuals interact and propagate their sexual activities. Since most African American men are dominant in such places, they are vulnerable to HIV/AIDs because they interact with people from various backgrounds. Sexually transmitted diseases predispose people to HIV/AIDS. The disproportionate occurrence of the disease among African Americans is due to the high incidence s of sexually transmitted diseases. In 2005, â€Å"African Americans were 18 times as likely as whites to have gonorrhea and approximately five times as likely to have syphilis† (Laurencin, Christensen, Taylor, 2008, p. 38). Gonorrhea cases formed about 58 per cent of the total cases while cases of syphilis comprised 41 per cent. Sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea cause inflammation on genital areas and increases susceptibility to the disease. Susceptibility to HIV/AIDS increases because white blood cells concentrate on an inflamed genital tract thus causing the viral load to increase (Friedman, Cooper, Osborne, 2009). Syphilis is an ulcerative sexually transmitted disease, which enhances entry of viruses through mucosal ulcerations. Therefore, high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among African Americans has contributed to the disproportionate occurrence of the disease. Socio-economic status Socio-economic status is a factor that determines the susc eptibility of people to HIV/AIDS. The low socio-economic status amongst African Americans has contributed to high incidences of the disease. Women under low socioeconomic status are prone to sexual abuse because they are unable to defend themselves. Therefore, they become subjects of sexual abuse, thus predisposed to HIV/AIDS. Friedman, Cooper, and Osborne (2009, p.1003) argue, â€Å"Infections are not simple product of behavior alone†, but a complex of social and economic factors that affect the lives of African Americans. Hence, differences in socio-economic status between the whites and blacks have contributed to the high incidences of the disease among African Americans. Additionally, low socio-economic status determines access to healthcare, and thus relates to the incidences of HIV/AIDS cases among the African Americans. â€Å"Limited access to high-quality healthcare, housing, and HIV/AIDS prevention and education programs both directly and indirectly increase the ris k factors for HIV infection† (Laurencin, Christensen, Taylor, 2008, p. 38). In the year 2000, approximately 25 per cent of African Americans lived in poverty, which means that they could not access essential healthcare services. Historically, African Americans faced social and economic marginalization, which increased their vulnerability to drug abuse, homelessness, incarceration, and risky sexual behaviors. Hence, poverty and social alienation prevent African Americans from accessing critical healthcare services, which translates to increased HIV/AIDS prevalence. Government Programs Community mobilization to increase awareness about HIV/AIDS is one of the strategies that the United States has applied in reversing trends of the epidemic among African Americans. Issues to deal with increased awareness of the disease and its associated risk factors such as drugs and sexual behaviors have significantly reduced the rate of infections among African Americans and the general popula tion. Mobilization of communities to enhance awareness of the disease has changed perceptions and norms about the disease. Through awareness, stigma has reduced, people have diagnosed HIV/AIDS early, patients have adhered to treatment plans, and the entire population has transformed their lifestyles for healthy behaviors (Stone, Ojikutu, Rawlings, Smith, 2009). Hence, community mobilization has made tremendous reductions in the rate of HIV/AIDS infection among African Americans for they have avoided drug abuse and risky sexual behaviors. Adherence to medication is a major problem that influences management of HIV/AIDS. The government employs an educational program where healthcare providers offer patients with essential information to enhance adherence to antiretroviral drugs. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (2007) indicate, â€Å"Preparing patients through treatment education and providing ongoing need-based education help persons with HIV to manage their treatment and HIV-related diseases† (p.1). Treatment education enables patients to manage their condition by adhering to medication and improving their CD4 counts. Treatment education at the community level aims at encouraging people to check their HIV status and take the appropriate healthcare measures. Eventually, the community becomes responsive to the needs of patients and thus reduces the stigma associated with the disease. Hence, treatment education is an effective program that is helpful in promoting adherence to medication. Enhancement of socio-economic status of the African Americans is a strategy that the government has employed in combating the high incidences of HIV/AIDS. Enhancement of socio-economic status of African Americans enables them to access healthcare services they could not afford before. The government has made significant progress in enhancing accessibility of healthcare services. It has collaborated with various stakeholders such as Med icaid and Medicare in providing affordable healthcare to the poor people, who are mainly African Americans. The government has also used comprehensive approach in empowering African Americans to reverse trends of HIV/AIDS infections. â€Å"One strategy to create such a vast change involves merging HIV/AIDS prevention with efforts against racism, homophobia, joblessness, sexual violence, homelessness, substance abuse, mental illness, and poverty† (Laurencin, Christensen, Taylor, 2008, p.41). Hence, comprehensive approach is appropriate in combating HIV/AIDS among African Americans. Conclusion The disproportionate occurrence of HIV/AIDS among African Americans indicates social, economic, and health disparities that exist in the United States. Though African Americans represent about 13 per cent of the population, they have about 50 per cent cases of HIV/AIDS. The major causes for the disproportionate occurrence of the disease among African Americans include drug abuse, sexual behaviors, and low socio-economic status. Hence, the government has set up programs such as community mobilization, treatment education, and enhancement of socio-economic status via comprehensive approach to combat HIV/AIDS among African Americans. References Friedman, S., Cooper, H., Osborne, A. (2009). Interventions strategies for HIV/AIDS Prevention among African Americans: Structural and social contexts of HIV risk among African Americans. American Journal of Public Health, 99(6), 1002-1008. Laurencin, C., Christensen, D., Taylor, E. (2008). HIV/AIDS and the African-American Community: A state of Emergency. Journal of the National Medical Association, 100(1), 35-43. McCree, D., Jones, K., O’Leary, A. (2010). African Americans and HIV/AIDS:  Understanding and addressing the epidemic. New York, NY: Springer. National Alliance of State Territorial AIDS Directors. (2008). The landscape of  HIV/AIDS among African American: Women in the United States. Web. Stone, V., Oj ikutu, B., Rawlings, M., Smith, K. (2009). HIV/AIDS in U.S. communities  Of color. New York, NY: Springer. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. (2007). Current  Research and good practice in HIV and AIDS treatment education. Retrieved from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000149722